testing and refactors - i guess, should be looked over, also maybe benchmarks? but that can wait, as can the person requesting from this server

README.md

@@ -4,10 +4,49 @@ This is my simple, barebones, **insecure** implementation of a simple DNS server
 
 For now, it successfully recursively resolves A records.
 
-Sends through correct TTL values.
+## Features
+
+### DNS Message Parsing & Handling
+
+- [x] Can parse and respond to valid DNS queries
+- [ ] Correctly handles headers (ID, flags, opcode, RCODE)
+- [ ] Supports question section processing
+- [ ] Correctly formats answers, authority, and additional sections
+
+### Supported Query Types
+
+- [x] A (IPv4 address)
+- [ ] AAAA (IPv6 address)
+- [ ] CNAME (Canonical name)
+- [ ] NS (Nameserver)
+- [ ] MX (Mail Exchange)
+- [ ] TXT (Text records)
+- [ ] PTR (Reverse lookups)
+- [ ] SOA (Start of Authority)
+
+### Query Processing
+
+- [ ] Supports recursive queries (if implemented)
+- [ ] Supports iterative queries (if acting as authoritative server)
+- [ ] Correctly handles RD (Recursion Desired) flag
+- [ ] Supports negative responses (NXDOMAIN, NODATA)
+- [x] Supports wildcards (*.example.com)
+
+### Caching & TTL
+
+- [x] Correctly applies TTL from authoritative responses
+- [x] Handles cache expiration and eviction
+
+### Error Handling
+
+- [ ] Responds correctly to malformed queries
+- [ ] Returns correct RCODE values (e.g., SERVFAIL, REFUSED, NXDOMAIN)
+- [ ] Handles timeouts and retransmissions
 
 ## Testing
 
+`go test dnsthingymagik/tests`
+
 `dig @serverip domain.tld`
 
 Example:

main.go

@@ -1,106 +1,16 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"dnsthingymagik/recordcache"
+	"dnsthingymagik/server"
-	"dnsthingymagik/resolver"
-	"dnsthingymagik/resolver/entities"
-	"fmt"
-	"golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage"
 	"log"
-	"net"
-	"sync"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	udpServer, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", ":53")
+	s, err := server.NewServer(":53")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer func(udpServer net.PacketConn) {
+	defer s.Close()
-		err := udpServer.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	}(udpServer)
 
-	cache := recordcache.NewCache()
+	s.Start()
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	for {
-		buf := make([]byte, 514)
-		n, addr, err := udpServer.ReadFrom(buf)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Println(err)
-		}
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go process(udpServer, addr, buf[:n], cache, &wg)
-	}
-
-	//recordCache.recordcache.PurgeExpiredEntries()
-}
-
-func process(udp net.PacketConn, addr net.Addr, buf []byte, cache *recordcache.Cache, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
-	defer wg.Done()
-	msg, err := resolver.PacketParser(buf)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Println(err)
-	}
-
-	var faq []entities.Record
-	for _, q := range msg.Questions {
-		if q.Type == dnsmessage.TypeA {
-			nips, err := resolver.ResolveDN(q.Name, msg.Header.ID, dnsmessage.TypeA, cache)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Println(err)
-			}
-
-			if len(nips) == 0 {
-				log.Printf("No IP found for %s", q.Name.String())
-				continue
-			}
-
-			faq = append(faq, nips...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	var answers []dnsmessage.Resource
-	for _, record := range faq {
-		answers = append(answers, dnsmessage.Resource{
-			Header: dnsmessage.ResourceHeader{
-				Name:  record.Name,
-				Type:  record.RType,
-				Class: record.Class,
-				TTL:   record.TTL,
-			},
-			Body: &dnsmessage.AResource{
-				A: [4]byte{record.IP[0], record.IP[1], record.IP[2], record.IP[3]},
-			},
-		})
-	}
-
-	response := dnsmessage.Message{
-		Header: dnsmessage.Header{
-			ID:                 msg.Header.ID,
-			Response:           true,
-			OpCode:             msg.Header.OpCode,
-			Authoritative:      false,
-			RecursionDesired:   msg.Header.RecursionDesired,
-			RecursionAvailable: true,
-			RCode:              dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess,
-		},
-		Questions: msg.Questions,
-		Answers:   answers,
-	}
-
-	fmt.Println(response)
-
-	packed, err := response.Pack()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Println(err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = udp.WriteTo(packed, addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
 }

server/Server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"dnsthingymagik/server/recordcache"
+	"dnsthingymagik/server/resolver"
+	"dnsthingymagik/server/resolver/entities"
+	"golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type Server struct {
+	udpServer net.PacketConn
+	cache     *recordcache.Cache
+	wg        sync.WaitGroup
+	shutdown  context.CancelFunc
+	ctx       context.Context
+}
+
+func NewServer(address string) (*Server, error) {
+	// Create context for shutdown
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	udpServer, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &Server{
+		udpServer: udpServer,
+		cache:     recordcache.NewCache(),
+		ctx:       ctx,
+		shutdown:  cancel,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Start the DNS server to listen for queries.
+func (s *Server) Start() {
+	log.Println("Starting DNS server on", s.udpServer.LocalAddr())
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-s.ctx.Done():
+			// If the server is shutting down, stop accepting new requests
+			log.Println("Server shutting down...")
+			return
+		default:
+			buf := make([]byte, 514)
+			n, addr, err := s.udpServer.ReadFrom(buf)
+			if err != nil {
+				if netErr, ok := err.(*net.OpError); ok && netErr.Op == "read" {
+					// If the connection is closed, exit the loop
+					log.Println("Error reading from UDP connection, shutting down...")
+					return
+				}
+				log.Println("Error reading UDP packet:", err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			s.wg.Add(1)
+			go s.process(addr, buf[:n])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Gracefully close the server and all pending requests.
+func (s *Server) Close() {
+	// Signal shutdown and close the UDP server connection
+	s.shutdown()
+	// Wait for all ongoing requests to be processed
+	s.wg.Wait()
+
+	err := s.udpServer.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Error closing UDP server:", err)
+	}
+	log.Println("Server shut down gracefully")
+}
+
+// Process a single DNS query request.
+func (s *Server) process(addr net.Addr, buf []byte) {
+	defer s.wg.Done()
+
+	// Parse incoming DNS query
+	msg, err := resolver.PacketParser(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Packet parsing error from %s: %v", addr, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var records []entities.Record
+	for _, q := range msg.Questions {
+		if q.Type == dnsmessage.TypeA {
+			nips, err := resolver.ResolveDN(q.Name, msg.Header.ID, dnsmessage.TypeA, s.cache)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Printf("Resolution error from %s for %s: %v", addr, q.Name, err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if len(nips) == 0 {
+				log.Printf("No IP found for %s from %s", q.Name.String(), addr)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			records = append(records, nips...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build DNS answer section
+	var answers []dnsmessage.Resource
+	for _, record := range records {
+		answers = append(answers, dnsmessage.Resource{
+			Header: dnsmessage.ResourceHeader{
+				Name:  record.Name,
+				Type:  record.RType,
+				Class: record.Class,
+				TTL:   record.TTL,
+			},
+			Body: &dnsmessage.AResource{
+				A: [4]byte{record.IP[0], record.IP[1], record.IP[2], record.IP[3]},
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Prepare the response message
+	response := dnsmessage.Message{
+		Header: dnsmessage.Header{
+			ID:                 msg.Header.ID,
+			Response:           true,
+			OpCode:             msg.Header.OpCode,
+			Authoritative:      false,
+			RecursionDesired:   msg.Header.RecursionDesired,
+			RecursionAvailable: true,
+			RCode:              dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess,
+		},
+		Questions: msg.Questions,
+		Answers:   answers,
+	}
+
+	// Pack the response
+	packed, err := response.Pack()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Response packing error for %s: %v", addr, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Send the response back to the client
+	_, err = s.udpServer.WriteTo(packed, addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Response write error to %s: %v", addr, err)
+	}
+}

server/recordcache/Cache.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package recordcache
 
 import (
-	"dnsthingymagik/resolver/entities"
+	"dnsthingymagik/server/resolver/entities"
 	"fmt"
 	"golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage"
 	"sync"

server/resolver/Resolver.go

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package resolver
 
 import (
-	"dnsthingymagik/recordcache"
+	"dnsthingymagik/server/recordcache"
-	"dnsthingymagik/resolver/entities"
+	"dnsthingymagik/server/resolver/entities"
-	"dnsthingymagik/resolver/query"
+	"dnsthingymagik/server/resolver/query"
 	"golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage"
 	"log"
 	"net"

tests/QueryDNS.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"dnsthingymagik/server"
+	"golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func sendDNSQuery(t *testing.T, serverAddr, domain string, qType dnsmessage.Type, autostart bool) dnsmessage.Message {
+	if autostart {
+		s := startTestServer(t)
+		defer s.Close()
+	}
+
+	t.Helper()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("udp", serverAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to connect to DNS server: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	var msg dnsmessage.Message
+	msg.Header.ID = 1234
+	msg.Header.RecursionDesired = true
+	msg.Questions = []dnsmessage.Question{
+		{
+			Name:  dnsmessage.MustNewName(domain),
+			Type:  qType,
+			Class: dnsmessage.ClassINET,
+		},
+	}
+
+	query, err := msg.Pack()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to pack DNS query: %v", err)
+	}
+	_, err = conn.Write(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to send DNS query: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 512)
+	n, err := conn.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to read DNS response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var response dnsmessage.Message
+	err = response.Unpack(buf[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to unpack DNS response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return response
+}
+
+// Setup Test Server
+func startTestServer(t *testing.T) *server.Server {
+	server, err := server.NewServer(":53")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to start DNS server: %v", err)
+	}
+	go func() { server.Start() }()
+	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond) // Allow server to initialize
+	return server
+}

tests/RFC1035_Compliance_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func Test_CorrectlyHandlesHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	// Send a simple DNS query for a known domain
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	// Check that the query ID is the same as the request ID
+	if response.Header.ID != 12345 { // Replace with the ID used in your request (or dynamic query ID)
+		t.Errorf("Expected query ID to be 12345, but got %d", response.Header.ID)
+	}
+
+	// Check that the query response (qr) flag is set to 1, meaning it's a response
+	if response.Header.Response != true {
+		t.Errorf("Expected qr (query/response) flag to be set to 1, but it was 0")
+	}
+
+	// Check that the recursion desired (rd) flag is set to 1 in the query
+	if response.Header.RecursionDesired != true {
+		t.Errorf("Expected rd (recursion desired) flag to be set to 1, but it was 0")
+	}
+
+	// Check that recursion available (ra) flag is set to 1 in the response (assuming recursion is available)
+	if response.Header.RecursionAvailable != true {
+		t.Errorf("Expected ra (recursion available) flag to be set to 1, but it was 0")
+	}
+
+	// Check that the opcode is set to 0 (standard query)
+	if response.Header.OpCode != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected opcode to be 0 (QUERY), but got %d", response.Header.OpCode)
+	}
+
+	// Optionally, check for the other flags and ensure that the query is well-formed
+	// (e.g., authority and additional sections should be empty in a standard query with no answer)
+	if len(response.Authorities) > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected no authority section, but found %d entries", len(response.Authorities))
+	}
+
+	if len(response.Additionals) > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected no additional section, but found %d entries", len(response.Additionals))
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_CorrectlyFormatsSections(t *testing.T) {
+	// Send a DNS query for a known domain (e.g., "govekar.net")
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA, true)
+
+	// Test that the answer section is properly populated with an A record
+	if len(response.Answers) == 0 {
+		t.Error("Expected at least one answer, but got none")
+	} else {
+		// Check that the answer is an A record (IPv4 address)
+		for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+			if ans.Header.Type != dnsmessage.TypeA {
+				t.Errorf("Expected answer type to be A, but got %d", ans.Header.Type)
+			}
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Test the authority section, which should contain authoritative name server records if the server is authoritative
+	if len(response.Authorities) > 0 {
+		// Ensure that the authority section contains NS (Name Server) records
+		for _, auth := range response.Authorities {
+			if auth.Header.Type != dnsmessage.TypeNS {
+				t.Errorf("Expected authority record type to be NS, but got %d", auth.Header.Type)
+			}
+
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.Log("No authority section found (expected if server is not authoritative)")
+	}
+
+	// Test the additional section, which should contain A records for the name servers listed in the authority section
+	if len(response.Additionals) > 0 {
+		for _, add := range response.Additionals {
+			if add.Header.Type != dnsmessage.TypeA {
+				t.Errorf("Expected additional section record type to be A, but got %d", add.Header.Type)
+			}
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Verify if the additional section corresponds to the authority section, i.e., if NS records are followed by A records
+	for _, auth := range response.Authorities {
+		nsRecord := auth.Body.(*dnsmessage.NSResource).NS
+		if nsRecord.String() != "" {
+			found := false
+			for _, add := range response.Additionals {
+				if add.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypeA {
+					// Check if the additional A record corresponds to the NS record
+					if add.Header.Name == nsRecord {
+						found = true
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if !found {
+				t.Errorf("No corresponding A record found in additional section for NS record %s", nsRecord)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_ARecord(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+		if ans.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypeA {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("Expected A record in response")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test AAAA Record (IPv6)
+func Test_AAAARecord(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeAAAA, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+		if ans.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypeAAAA {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("Expected AAAA record in response")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test CNAME Record
+func Test_CNAMERecord(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "www.govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeCNAME, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+		if ans.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypeCNAME {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("Expected CNAME record in response")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test MX Record
+func Test_MXRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeMX, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+		if ans.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypeMX {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MX record in response")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test NS Record
+func Test_NSRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeNS, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+		if ans.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypeNS {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("Expected NS record in response")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test TXT Record
+func Test_TXTRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeTXT, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+		if ans.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypeTXT {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("Expected TXT record in response")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test PTR Record (Reverse DNS)
+func Test_PTRRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa.", dnsmessage.TypePTR, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+		if ans.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypePTR {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("Expected PTR record in response")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test SOA Record
+func Test_SOARecord(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeSOA, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeSuccess {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RCODE 0 (NoError), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, ans := range response.Answers {
+		if ans.Header.Type == dnsmessage.TypeSOA {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("Expected SOA record in response")
+	}
+}
+
+/*// Test Recursive Queries
+func Test_RecursiveQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	server := startTestServer(t)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA)
+
+	if !response.Header.RecursionAvailable {
+		t.Errorf("Expected RA (Recursion Available) flag to be set")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test Iterative Queries (If server is authoritative)
+func Test_IterativeQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	server := startTestServer(t)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA)
+
+	if response.Header.RecursionAvailable {
+		t.Errorf("Server should not allow recursion for iterative queries")
+	}
+}*/
+
+// Test NXDOMAIN Response (Non-existent domain)
+func Test_NXDOMAIN(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "nonexistent.govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA, true)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeNameError {
+		t.Errorf("Expected NXDOMAIN (RCODE 3), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+}
+
+/*// Test SERVFAIL Response (Server failure)
+func Test_SERVFAIL(t *testing.T) {
+	server := startTestServer(t)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Simulating a server error (invalid domain)
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "serverfail.govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeServerFailure {
+		t.Errorf("Expected SERVFAIL (RCODE 2), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+}
+
+// Test REFUSED Response (Query refused)
+func Test_REFUSED(t *testing.T) {
+	server := startTestServer(t)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Assuming server is configured to refuse certain domains
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "forbidden.govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA)
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeRefused {
+		t.Errorf("Expected REFUSED (RCODE 5), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+}*/
+
+func Test_WildcardQuery_NoWildcardRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	// Query a non-existent subdomain without a wildcard record
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "random.govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA, true)
+
+	// The response should be NXDOMAIN (Non-Existent Domain) if there's no wildcard
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeNameError {
+		t.Errorf("Expected NXDOMAIN, but got RCode: %v", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_WildcardQuery_WithWildcardRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	// Query a non-existent subdomain but one that should match the wildcard
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "random.test.govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA, true)
+
+	// The response should return the IP defined by the wildcard record
+	if len(response.Answers) == 0 || response.Answers[0].Body.(*dnsmessage.AResource).A != [4]byte{192, 168, 1, 1} {
+		t.Errorf("Expected IP address from wildcard record, but got: %v", response.Answers)
+	}
+}
+
+// Test Caching Mechanism
+func Test_CacheTTLExpiration(t *testing.T) {
+	s := startTestServer(t)
+	defer s.Close()
+	// First query to cache the record
+	response1 := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA, false)
+	initialTTL := response1.Answers[0].Header.TTL
+	if initialTTL < 1 {
+		t.Errorf("TTL should be greater than 0")
+	}
+
+	// Wait for a short duration before expiration (e.g., 1/2 of TTL)
+	waitDuration := time.Duration(initialTTL/2) * time.Second
+	time.Sleep(waitDuration)
+
+	// Send the second query
+	response2 := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.TypeA, false)
+	decreasedTTL := response2.Answers[0].Header.TTL
+
+	// Verify that the TTL has decreased (it should be lower than the initial TTL)
+	if decreasedTTL >= initialTTL {
+		t.Errorf("Expected TTL to decrease, but it didn't. Initial TTL: %d, Decreased TTL: %d", initialTTL, decreasedTTL)
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the TTL is still positive after the decrease
+	if decreasedTTL <= 0 {
+		t.Errorf("TTL should be greater than 0, but it is: %d", decreasedTTL)
+	}
+}
+
+// Test Malformed Query (Should return FORMAT ERROR)
+func Test_MalformedQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	s := startTestServer(t)
+	defer s.Close()
+	// Sending invalid query data
+	conn, err := net.Dial("udp", "127.0.0.1:53")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to connect to DNS server: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// Set a timeout for the connection to avoid infinite waiting
+	err = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)) // Timeout after 5 seconds
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to set timeout for connection: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Sending an invalid DNS query (malformed)
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{0x00, 0x01, 0x02}) // Invalid DNS query format
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to send malformed query: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 512)
+	n, err := conn.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Check for timeout error (or any other read error)
+		if ne, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && ne.Timeout() {
+			t.Fatalf("Timeout waiting for response from DNS server: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			t.Fatalf("Failed to read DNS response: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var response dnsmessage.Message
+	err = response.Unpack(buf[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to unpack response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Check if the server returned the correct format error (RCODE 1)
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeFormatError {
+		t.Errorf("Expected FORMAT ERROR (RCODE 1), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+}
+
+// Test Unknown Record Type Handling
+func Test_UnknownRecordType(t *testing.T) {
+	response := sendDNSQuery(t, "127.0.0.1:53", "govekar.net.", dnsmessage.Type(99), true) // Unknown type
+
+	if response.Header.RCode != dnsmessage.RCodeNotImplemented {
+		t.Errorf("Expected NOTIMPLEMENTED (RCODE 4), got %d", response.Header.RCode)
+	}
+}